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Let be a positive integer. There are weights with masses , placed on two pans of a balance so that both pans have equal total mass.
In one move, a single weight is transferred from one pan to the other. A weight may be moved more than once. After every move, the absolute difference between the total masses on the two pans must be at most .
Find, in terms of , the smallest positive integer for which it is always possible to make every weight finish on the pan opposite to its starting pan, regardless of the initial balanced arrangement. Prove that your value of is both necessary and sufficient.